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Right to Water

We believe that water is a common resource to which we all have an equal right and a responsibility to protect. So does the United Nations. Water is enshrined in the right to life and dignity, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 2002, the United Nations Economic and Social Council adopted water as a right to ensure fair and non-discriminatory access to safe drinking water.

Constitutions recognizing the right to water
  • 1994, Panama: A constitutional amendment recognized the State‚ responsibility to guarantee water for adequate development;
  • 1995, Ethiopia: “[P]olicies shall aim to provide all Ethiopians access to [..] clean water;”
  • 1995, Uganda: The State is obliged to fulfill fundamental rights to social justice and economic development including clean and safe water;
  • 1996, Gambia: “The State shall endeavour to facilitate equal access to clean and safe water;”
  • 1996, South Africa: “Everyone has the right to have access to sufficient food and water;”
  • 2004, Uruguay: Uruguayans approved a constitutional amendment by popular vote guaranteeing the right to water.

However, the right to water is violated daily: According to the World Health Organization an estimated 1.7 billion people still lack access to clean water and 2.3 billion people suffer from water-borne diseases each year. Water-borne diseases occur due to the inability to provide clean water, but increasingly due to the unaffordable pricing of water. Pre-paid water meters are installed in poor areas to ensure profitable supply and services are cut-off if citizens fall behind on their payments. Privatization of water has only exacerbated the problem. So what does the right to water mean?

We are working with allies around the world to enshrine the human right to water in an international treaty. To find out more, check out Why we need an international water convention and Key Principles for an International Treaty on the Right to Water.

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